Lymphoma
Name of disease
Lymphoma
An overview of the disease
Lymphoma is a group of origin in the lymph nodes or other malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue, can be divided into Hodgkin's disease (referred to as HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (the NHL) two major categories, and histology Lymphocyte can be seen (or ) Of tumor cell proliferation, clinical painless lymph nodes to the most typical, often enlarged liver and spleen, have advanced cachexia, fever and anemia.
Classification of Diseases
Hematological and oncology
Description of the disease
Lymphoma is a group of origin in the lymph nodes or other malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue, can be divided into Hodgkin's disease (referred to as HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (the NHL) two major categories, and histology Lymphocyte can be seen (or ) Of tumor cell proliferation, clinical painless lymph nodes to the most typical, often enlarged liver and spleen, have advanced cachexia, fever and anemia.
Signs and symptoms
As the scope of the lesion and different clinical manifestations vary, the primary site in the lymph nodes may also be at the junction outside the lymphoid tissue, for example, then the tonsils, nasopharynx, gastrointestinal tract, spleen, bone or skin, and so on. Lymph node primary change was particularly prevalent in the Ministry of NHL. The spread of the disease from casual approach to the primary site of a lymph node near the transfer, such as HD, there are over the near to distant lymph node metastases, common in NHL, NHL can be the origin of multi-center, so once the clinical diagnosis, often has been disseminated body The following were on HD and the major clinical manifestations NH:
First, Hodgkin's disease was particularly prevalent in the youth, rarely seen in children, often the first symptom is painless the neck or collarbone on the lymph nodes (60% to 80%), left more than right, followed by axillary lymph node Swelling, swelling of the lymph node activity can also be co-adhesion, integration into a block, there are palpation cartilage-like feel, if nerve lymph nodes, which can cause pain, only a small number of patients without pre-deep superficial lymph nodes, deep Lymph nodes nearby organs can be oppressive, the performance of the symptoms of oppression, such as the lymph node swelling may be caused by coughing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, atelectasis and the superior vena cava such as oppression; retroperitoneal lymph nodes can be oppressive ureter, and renal pelvis caused by Water; epidural spinal cord compression such as lead to mass. Other HD patients (30% to 50%), unexplained fever concession or cyclical as the main symptom onset. Such patients generally older, more male, more diffuse lesions often have retroperitoneal lymph node involvement. Some patients have fever after sweating, fatigue and weight loss, and other systemic symptoms. Periodic fever (Pel-Ebstein fever) at a meeting with 1 / 6 patients. Some patients may have partial and full-body skin itching, mostly young patients, especially women. Itching for the whole body can be the only HD symptoms.
Splenomegaly experience are not common, about 10%, and spleen showed that there is blood involved disseminated. Liver involvement in real terms in the cause swelling and tenderness of liver area, there are a small number of jaundice. Department of liver spleen from spreading through the vein, the liver is less than splenomegaly.
HD can infringe on the organ or system: for example, in real terms in the light of pulmonary infiltration, pleural effusion, bone pain caused by bone marrow, or thoracic spine damage, such as spinal cord compression, as well. Shingles occur in HD, or about 5% to 16%.
Second, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can be found in a variety of age groups, but the increase in incidence with age. More women than men. Most also silent on the collarbone and neck lymph nodes, led see, but less than the HD. Poorly differentiated lymphocytes easy mediastinal violations. Swelling of the lymph nodes may also cause symptoms of oppression accordingly. Fever, weight loss, sweating, and other systemic symptoms found only 24% of patients. For the most advanced disease or diffuse than those. Rare full-body itching. In addition to the well-differentiated cell type things, NHL general rapid development of proliferation-prone in the distance.
Waldeyer ring lesions are usually malignant lymphoma accounts for 10% to 15%, 96% of the original diffuse and cell-cell lymphoma, occurred in most parts of the soft palate, tonsils, followed by sinus and nasal cavity, there is clinical difficulty swallowing, Nasal obstruction, epistaxis submandibular lymph nodes and large. NHL more than the HD extranodal violations tendency, especially in diffuse cell lymphoma. Extranodal involved in the gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and central nervous system for more. NHL gastrointestinal involvement with the site for the small intestine, which for more than half of the ileum, followed by stomach, colon rarely involved. The clinical manifestations of abdominal pain, diarrhea and abdominal mass, the symptoms can be similar to the peptic ulcer, intestinal tuberculosis or fat, such as diarrhea. As a result of a large number of individual obstruction or bleeding after surgery and diagnosis. By liver biopsy confirmed that about 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 involvement, splenomegaly found only in the latter part of a case. Hilar and mediastinal chest to suffer the most, half of them are infiltrating the lungs or (and) pleural effusion. Autopsy in the last 1 / 3 will have Pericardium and heart involvement. Central nervous system lesions in the more advanced the disease, about 10% to mainly involving the spinal cord and meninges. Bone marrow involvement were a total of about 1 / 3 to 2 / 3, and type, although the skeleton is also the most common thoracic and lumbar spine, femur, ribs, pelvis and skull in the first second. Diffuse large cell or tissue type could be the primary bone in patients younger and more in the long bones, mainly osteolytic. HD for the performance of the skin more common, more specific damage, such as mass, subcutaneous nodules, invasive plaque, such as ulcers. Kidney damage autopsy has 33.5 percent, but only 23% of the clinical features, mainly for kidney enlargement, high blood pressure and blood urea nitrogen retention. In recent years, the combined lymphoma nephrotic syndrome frequently have been reported, with the lymphoma and ease a turn for the better.