Myeloma
Name of disease
Myeloma
An overview of the disease
Myeloma is the origin of the plasma cells in bone marrow of cancer, is a relatively common malignancy. There are single and multiple points of the future are more common. Yi involving soft tissue, the late shift can have a broad, but very few lung metastases. Ridge is seen more, accounting for spinal tumor 10%, to the Department of lumbar found. Made a good age in more than 40 years of age male and female ratio of about 2:1.
Chenganhongse tumor blood supply rich or dark red, brittle than soft. Endoscopic tumor can be seen by a large number of intensive tumor cells, stromal little. Tumor cells mostly round or oval, but with varying degrees of childish. By differences in the degree of differentiation, can be divided into well-differentiated type (small cell) and poorly differentiated type (large cell type) are two. The former division more mature, small and round with eccentric and nuclear chromatin was wheel-shaped, also known as plasma cell myeloma; poor differentiation of the latter, bulky and sometimes there are dual-core, the nucleolus clear that the nuclear fission See more, also known as network-myeloma cells.
The main symptoms are persistent spinal pain was aggravated sexual. Prone to a wide range of their pain. About 40% to 50% of patients with pathological fractures. Therefore easy for a paraplegic and symptoms of nerve root compression.
There are generally carried out anemia, marked by rapid sedimentation rate. Some patients with elevated serum calcium, there is often secondary hyperparathyroidism. The total volume increased serum protein. Increased globulin, albumin and normal or reduced. Serum protein electrophoresis most of the abnormal immune globulin peak. Chang Cheng-positive urine protein, but this - week-positive rate was low, about 30% to 60%. At the same time, the crystallization of calcium oxalate in the urine and alkaline phosphate increased. A bone marrow smears of bone marrow hyperplasia, the number of plasma cells at least 8% of the cells.
Classification of Diseases
General surgery, oncology
Description of the disease
Myeloma in the bone marrow origin, mainly to the malignant plasma cells can be isolated because of their produce multiple bone damage, it is also known as multiple myeloma, multiple males over the age of 40, followed by a good site For the spine, ribs, skull, sternum, and so on.
Detailed symptoms
Myeloma is a middle-aged and old age (40 to 60 years old) occurred in malignant tumors in bone marrow. Vertebrae, ribs, sternum, skull and pelvis for a good site. Late, femur and humerus were also tired, but below the knee and elbow bone would be very rare. The main symptoms of pain for an initial period of intermittent, for the following persistent, very severe pain. May be nerve compression, the pain caused by radiation or paraplegia. Once a tumor, the majority of patients with anemia carried out gradually and cachexia change. However, very few have metastases, the lungs were very tired. The following laboratory tests can be found in a number of changes: ① about 50% of the cases of increased serum globulin; ② about 50% of the cases of increased serum calcium, up to 18 mg%; such cases there are secondary parathyroid Hyperplasia; ⑧ for anemia, blood agencies were due to damage caused by tumors; ④ a small number of advanced cases may occur in peripheral blood plasma cell leukemia false phenomenon, ⑤ 75% of cases in the feces dissolved coagulation protein, ⑥ about 70% of the cases Late in the occurrence of kidney disease. x-ray examination when the bone was tired, you can find most of the osteolytic Chuanzao-defect-free around the reactive proliferation of new bone, for the characteristics of myeloma. Therefore, more pathological fracture. Incidence of vertebral body, then have a compression fracture. Occurrence of pathological fractures of limbs can be caused by a small amount of reactive periosteal new bone hyperplasia. In the parietal bone in myeloma typical for the distribution of x-ray findings of irregular-shaped Chuanzao multiple defects, you can see a recognition. However, the backbone of the incidence of long bones, bone destruction in some cases different, according to the x-ray photos can not compete with osteosarcoma osteolytic metastases or distinction. [Treatment] chemotherapy for multiple myeloma have a certain effect, with serious anemia can be a blood transfusion, there were the purposes of paraplegia laminectomy, a pathological fracture due to the application of external fixation. In a single body, could be considered amputation. In severe cases, the pain can be implemented radiotherapy.
Signs and symptoms
A variable length of the asymptomatic period, a small number of patients with back pain as the first symptom, accompanied by anemia and cachexia. There are pathological fracture patients to treatment.
Causes of disease
Chenganhongse tumor blood supply rich or dark red, brittle than soft. Endoscopic tumor can be seen by a large number of intensive tumor cells, stromal little. Tumor cells mostly round or oval, but with varying degrees of childish. By differences in the degree of differentiation, can be divided into well-differentiated type (small cell) and poorly differentiated type (large cell type) are two. The former division more mature, small and round with eccentric and nuclear chromatin was wheel-shaped, also known as plasma cell myeloma; poor differentiation of the latter, bulky and sometimes there are dual-core, the nucleolus clear that the nuclear fission See more, also known as network-myeloma cells.