The tumor-shaped
Tumor cells both in form and structure, and its origin are the normal tissues in varying degrees of difference, such as the difference between different types of (atypia). Atypia tumor the size of the tumor reflects the maturity (that is, the degree of differentiation, in real terms this means the tumor cells with normal sources of cells and tissues in the form and function of the degree of similarity). Atypia small, it is similar to normal tissue and tumor tissue with a high degree of maturity (with a high degree of differentiation); shaped large, said the low level of maturity tumor (low grade). This distinction between different types of the size of the tumor was diagnosed, to determine their benign and malignant main histological basis. Cancer often have a clear-shaped.

By the undifferentiated cells of the cancer, also known as anaplastic tumors. Anaplastic (anaplasia) refers to the original intent of the word "retire sexual development", that is to divide that has divided the mature cells and tissues back division, to return to the original state of childish. Now know that the vast majority of undifferentiated cancer tissues originated from the stem cells lose their ability to divide, rather than as a specific cell differentiation has been to divide caused. In the modern pathology, anaplastic cancer cells, referring to the lack of differentiation. Anaplastic tumor cells have obvious polymorphism (pleomorphism, that is, the tumor cells to each other in size and shape on the variation). As a result, often can not determine the source of the organization. Anaplastic cancer almost always highly malignant tumor, but the majority of malignant tumors have shown a degree of differentiation.

First, the organizational structure of the tumor-shaped

Benign tumor cells of different types of obvious, and its origin is generally similar to the organization. As a result, the diagnosis of tumors that depend on the organizational structure of the special. For example, the fibroid cells and normal cells are very similar, but their arrangement with the normal fibrous tissue, was like weaving. The organizational structure of the different types of cancer significantly, the tumor cells arranged in a more disordered, the loss of the normal level of the structure of the arrangement. For example, the fibrous tissue from the occurrence of cancer - fibrosarcoma, a lot of tumor cells, collagen fibers small, are arranged in disorder, with the normal structure of the difference between the fibrous tissue away; from the occurrence of the glandular cancer - adenocarcinoma, the glandular Body size and shape of a very irregular, arranged more messy glandular cells were arranged in close overlapping or multi-layer, and there are papillary hyperplasia.

Second, the tumor cells of different types of

Benign tumor cells of different types of small, generally originate with the is similar to normal cells. Malignant cells often have a high degree of specificity, showed the following characteristics:

1. The tumor cells pleomorphic tumor cells that is inconsistent with the size and shape. General cancer cells than normal cells, each the size of the tumor cells and the patterns are very inconsistent, sometimes giant cell tumor (Figure 7-2). But a small number of poorly differentiated tumor, the tumor cells than normal cells, small, round, more or less the same size.



Figure 7-2 rhabdomyosarcoma

The size of the tumor cells, different shapes, and giant cell tumor

2. The nuclear polymorphism that is the nucleus of tumor size, shape and coloring inconsistent. Increase the volume of the nucleus (nuclear hypertrophy), the nucleus and cytoplasm than normal, increasing the ratio of (1:4 normal for the 6 ~, malignant cells are close to 1:1), the nuclear size and shape vary, and may appear Megakaryocyte, dual-core, multi-core or singular form of nuclear and nuclear staining deep (due to the increase in nuclear DAN), the chromatin was coarse granular, uneven, often piled up in the nuclear membrane, so that appears to be thickening of the nuclear membrane. Ag-mast, often increase the number of (up to 3 to 5). Often more like nuclear fission, in particular the emergence of asymmetric, multi-polarity and fruste of nuclear fission, such as pathological as, for the diagnosis of cancer is of great significance. Malignant cell nuclear and chromosomal abnormalities were more polyploid (polyploidy) or aneuploidy (aneuploidy) related.

3. Due to changes in the cytoplasm cytoplasmic protein-core increase was basophilic cytoplasm. And because the tumor cells produce abnormal secretions, or a product of metabolism and have different characteristics, such as hormones, mucus, glycogen, lipid, pigment and horny, and so on.

These tumor cells, in particular the nuclear polymorphism often an important feature of malignant tumors in the difference between benign and malignant important significance.